Brain Computer Interface

 Electroencephalography

Is a system of recording the electrical activity given off by the neurons operating in the brain. This system works by using a series of electrodes placed along the head of a patient. EEG can be used to control and computer for operations or testing. However, medically there are many implications for EEG including: the detection and diagnosis of tumors, strokes, comas, and even brain death. EEG is the easiest and cheapest use of BCI, so it is widely used, however; due to the fact that electrical signals are dampened by the skull, it is difficult for EEG to be used efficiently and there are enviromental issues (i.e. sound, unwanted electrical signals, and vibrations). This system is considered non-invasive.

 Magnetoencephalography

Is the meaurement of the magnetic field given off by the electrical signals from the firing of neurons. The system operates with magnetic recievers around the head of patinet. MEG is used in the medical field to detect pathologies and assist in further research of the brain. MEG is a much more accurate system than EEG, for magnetic fields do not weaken as they pass through the skull. However, MEG is expensive and requires superconducting magnets that must be cooled by liquid Helium to function properly. This entire system must also be placed in a Magnetic Shielding Room to protect the magnets from other artificial or the Earth's magnetic field, the room must also be sound eliminated. Because of their accuracy they are used for more precise computer operations, however, due to the cost and size, the MEG's use is low. This is considered non-invasive.

 Direct Neural Interface

Is the system in which an series of electrodes are implanted into the brain itself, where the electrodes are connected to an external device. These are used in the controlling of computers, prosthetics, and is used as "restored vision". This system is the most effective and gives the best results. However, it is very expensive and is prone to scar tissue (a reaction of the body to a foreign object) which will weaken the signal, or lose the device entirely. This operation is invasive.

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